Yuav ua li cas stainless hlau tableware yuav electroplated nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb xim?

Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm PVD, Ion Plating & Surface Engineering

Taug kev mus rau hauv txhua lub khw muag khoom noj khoom haus niaj hnub no, thiab koj yuav pom rab diav rawg, rab diav, thiab riam hauv cov xim dub, sawv kub, champagne kub, ib tag hmo xiav, thiab txawm tias zaj sawv iridescent tiav. Cov no tsis pleev xim; lawv yog engineered nyob rau theem atomic. Cov lus nug "yuav ua li cas stainless hlau tableware yuav electroplated nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb xim?" coj peb mus rau qhov kev sib tshuam zoo ntawm electrochemistry, lub tshuab nqus tsev physics, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb. Kab lus no demystifies cov txheej txheem - feem ntau Lub cev Vapor Deposition (PVD) thiab tshwj xeeb electrochemical coloring - uas muab stainless cutlery nws vibrant, check hues. Peb kuj tseem yuav tshawb xyuas vim li cas cov tsoos "electroplating" (xws li chrome lossis kub ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub) tsis tshua siv rau cov xim tsis muaj xim hlau tableware, thiab cov thev naus laus zis tau hloov pauv li cas.

Niaj hnub nimno stainless hlau flatware nyob rau hauv dub, kub, thiab zaj sawv PVD tiav.

Cov xim no tau ua tiav los ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev-raws li kev tso tawm, tsis yog cov khoom siv electroplating.

Kev lig kev cai electroplating tso ib txheej nyias ntawm cov hlau mus rau ib qho chaw ua haujlwm ua haujlwm submerged hauv cov tshuaj electrolyte. Rau cov hlau tsis muaj steel, qhov no ua haujlwm zoo rau cov nyiaj, kub, lossis chrome plating - tab sis tsuas yog rau xim hlau. Kom tau txais "xim tshwj xeeb" xws li paj yeeb, xiav, lossis matte dub, koj yuav tsum tau phaj cov hlau los yog siv cov ntawv tshaj tawm - kho. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, electroplated txheej ntawm cutlery feem ntau tsis muaj hardness thiab hnav tsis kam yuav tsum tau siv txhua hnub nrog rab rawg thiab riam scraping tiv thaiv daim hlau. Cov txheej tuaj yeem flake, hnav los ntawm, lossis discolor hauv lub tshuab ntxuav tais diav.

Yog li ntawd, kev lag luam cutlery feem ntau tso tseg cov tsoos electroplating rau cov xim zoo nkauj hauv kev pom zooPVD (lub cev vapor deposition), tej zaum kuj hu uaion platinglos yognqus hlau metalizing. Cov txheej txheem no tsis yog "electroplating" hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab nruj, tab sis ntau tus neeg yuav khoom thiab cov tuam txhab lag luam txawm siv lo lus "electroplated xim" los xa mus rau PVD tiav. Rau qhov seem ntawm tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tsom mus rau qhov tseeb thev naus laus zis uas muab cov xim ruaj khov.

PVD yog lub tshuab nqus tsev-raws li txheej txheem txheej txheej uas muaj cov khoom siv (piv txwv li, titanium, chromium, lossis zirconium) yog vaporized thiab tom qab ntawd condenses mus rau stainless hlau substrate, tsim ib txheej nyias, tawv, zoo nkauj txheej. Los ntawm kev qhia cov pa roj xws li nitrogen (N₂), oxygen (O₂), lossis acetylene (C₂H₂) thaum lub sij hawm tso tawm, cov txheej txheej tsim cov tshuaj xws li titanium nitride (TiN - kub), titanium carbonitride (TiCN -} grey / dub), lossis zirconium (6). Cov xim tshwj xeeb yog tswj los ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab tuab ntawm zaj duab xis, feem ntau nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 0.5 txog 5 micrometers.

Vim tias PVD yog ib txoj kab ntawm kev pom, cov khoom siv rooj tog yog tig rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev kom paub meej tias txawm tias txheej txheej ntawm txhua qhov chaw, suav nrog ntawm rab rawg tines. Cov tshuab PVD niaj hnub tuaj yeem tsim ntau txhiab daim rau ib pawg nrog tshwj xeeb sib xws.

Hauv qee cov khoom lag luam thiab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, PVD ntawm stainless hlau hu ua "nqus electroplating" lossis "ion electroplating." Qhov no yog ib tug misnomer: tsis muaj kua electrolyte. Lub sij hawm yuav tshwm sim vim thaum ntxov PVD tshuab siv hluav taws xob arc rau vaporize cov khoom siv (arc ion plating) thiab cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam nrog hluav taws xob teb los coj ions - li no cov lus "ion" thiab "plating". Ntxiv mus, cov tsoos electroplating tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov xim zoo li dub lossis sawv kub ncaj qha; PVD tau. Tab sis txij li cov pej xeem koom nrog "electroplating" nrog "muab cov hlau ua kom zoo nkauj tiav," lo lus daig. Rau kev yuav khoom thiab kev tsim vaj tsev, ib txwm hais tias "PVD txheej" lossis "ion plating" kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab nrog qhov tseeb electroplating.

Sab hauv PVD nqus txheej chamber: stainless hlau diav rawg thiab diav tig

nyob rau hauv fixtures thaum lub hom phiaj titanium vaporizes, depositing ib co xim xim ceramic txheej.

Stainless hlau tuaj yeem ua xim los ntawm cov txheej txheem hu uaINCO txheej txheem(tsim los ntawm International Nickel Company) lossis electrochemical coloring. Cov hlau tsis muaj steel yog raus rau hauv ib lub da dej kub chromic-sulfuric acid, thiab ib qho alternating tam sim no tsim ib tug ntxeem tau oxide zaj duab xis. Los ntawm kev kho qhov hluav taws xob thiab lub sijhawm, cov yeeb yaj kiab tuab hloov pauv, thiab lub teeb cuam tshuam tsim cov xim ntawm tooj liab mus rau xiav rau ntsuab. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev no tsis tshua siv rau tableware vim:

• Cov txheej txheem siv cov phom sij hexavalent chromium, ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog ib puag ncig.
• Cov xim oxide txheej yog nyias (≈0.2 μm) thiab tsis hnav-tiv taus dua PVD. diav rawg thiab diav yuav pom khawb sai sai.
• Nws yog qhov nyuaj kom ua tiav qhov tseeb dub lossis sawv kub; cov xim raug kaw (xim av, xiav, daj-ntsuab).

Yog li, PVD tseem yog cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb rau cov xim stainless flatware.

Thaum qhia lossis yuav cov xim stainless hlau cutlery, nug cov ntsiab lus ntawm PVD txheej:

• Adhesion:PVD coatings daim ntawv cog lus ntawm qib atomic. Kev thov kom raug, lawv tsis tev lossis flake nyob rau hauv ib txwm siv, txawm nyob rau hauv lub tshuab ntxuav tais diav.
• Hardness:TiN thiab TiCN coatings muaj hardness nruab nrab ntawm 2000-3000 HV, deb zog tshaj stainless hlau nws tus kheej (≈200 HV). Qhov no ua rau lub diav rawg heev khawb-resistant, tab sis lub hauv paus stainless tseem yuav deform yog khoov.
• Corrosion kuj:PVD txheej yog chemically inert thiab tiv thaiv cov stainless ntawm pitting thiab staining. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias txheej txheej muaj pinholes (tsis tshua muaj hauv PVD zoo), noo noo tuaj yeem ncav cuag lub hauv paus hlau.
• Kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub tshuab ntxuav tais diav:Zoo PVD-coated cutlery yog lub tshuab ntxuav tais diav muaj kev nyab xeeb, tab sis cov tshuaj ntxuav tais diav thiab cov cua kub siab tuaj yeem maj mam nyias txheej rau ntau xyoo. Kev ntxuav tes txuas ntxiv lub neej xim.

1. Ua ntej- ntxuav:Forks yog ultrasonically ntxuav kom tshem tawm tag nrho cov roj thiab cov kab mob. Txhua yam residue yuav ua rau txheej txheej.
2. Chaw thau khoom:Forks yog mounted rau rotating fixtures nyob rau hauv ib lub tshuab nqus tsev chamber. Lub chamber raug kaw thiab khiav tawm mus rau lub tshuab nqus tsev siab (10⁻⁵ txog 10⁻⁶ Torr).
3. Cua sov & Etching:Cov diav rawg yog rhuab mus rau ~ 200-400℃rau outgas nto paug paug. Ib qho roj inert (argon) plasma yog siv los sputter-huv qhov chaw ntawm qib atomic.
4. Target Vaporization:Lub hom phiaj titanium (cov khoom siv "qhov chaw") yog bombarded nrog lub zog ions (feem ntau siv cathodic arc lossis magnetron sputtering), ua rau cov titanium atoms raug tshem tawm mus rau hauv cov ntshav.
5. Reactive Deposition:Acetylene (C₂H₂) thiab nitrogen gas tau qhia. Titanium reacts nrog carbon thiab nitrogen los tsim titanium carbonitride (TiCN), uas tso rau ntawm lub diav rawg raws li ib tug dub, tawv ceramic txheej.
6. Cooling & Unloading:Tom qab ncav cuag lub hom phiaj tuab (saib xyuas los ntawm quartz siv lead ua microbalance), lub chamber yog vented, thiab cov diav rawg raug tshem tawm. Tag nrho lub voj voog siv sijhawm 2-4 teev.
7. Qhov tshwm sim yog ib rab diav rawg nrog qhov sib sib zog nqus, xim dub uas yuav tsis rub tawm lossis tsis muaj xim los ntawm cov khoom noj acids.

Dub PVD-coated stainless hlau diav rawg. Cov txheej yog titanium carbonitride (TiCN),

muab kev khawb zoo heev thiab matte / satin tiav.

Kev tsim kho tshiab tsis ntev los no hauv PVD suav nrog kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov nyiaj lossis tooj liab nanoparticles rau cov xim coatings, muab cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab mob rau lub cutlery nto yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov xim. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem dej-raws li thiab trivalent chromium tau raug tsim los ua lwm txoj hauv kev nyab xeeb rau hexavalent chromium xim, txawm tias lawv tseem tsis tau sib phim PVD qhov ntev. Rau cov tuam txhab tsim khoom, qhov sib txawv yog mus rau kev sib koom ua ke PVD nrog kev siv lub tshuab ua haujlwm kom txo tau tus nqi thaum tswj cov xim sib xws thoob plaws ntau lab daim.

Los teb cov lus nug qub:Yuav ua li cas stainless hlau tableware yuav electroplated nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb xim?- Technically, nws tsis tuaj yeem los ntawm ib txwm siv electroplating, tsuas yog ob peb xim xim hlau. Cov thev naus laus zis uas xa cov xim ruaj khov, zoo nkauj (dub, sawv kub, xiav, thiab lwm yam) yogLub cev Vapor Deposition (PVD), feem ntau hu ua "ion plating" lossis "nqus electroplating" hauv kev lag luam jargon. Kev nkag siab txog qhov sib txawv no pab cov kws tshaj lij kev muag khoom qhia kom raug thiab zam cov neeg muag khoom uas thov rau "electrolate" xim siv cov txheej txheem dhau los, uas tsis yog siv tau.

Thaum muas cov xim stainless flatware, nrhiav kev qhia tshwj xeeb hais txog "PVD txheej," "ion plating," lossis "titanium nitride tiav." Tsis txhob pleev xim los yog lacquered cutlery, vim cov no yuav ua tsis tiav hauv cov tshuab ntxuav tais diav. Nrog rau daim ntawv thov kom raug, PVD-coated stainless hlau tableware muaj qhov zoo nkauj, ntev-ntev zoo nkauj uas txhawb nqa txhua qhov kev noj mov - los ntawm cov khw noj mov niaj hnub mus rau qhov chaw zoo nkauj hauv tsev.

 

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